目录

SQL in Real Programs

Options

Stored Procedures

Advantages of Stored Procedures

Parameters in PSM


SQL in Real Programs

  • We have seen only how SQL is used at the generic query interface --- an environment where we sit at a terminal and ask queries of a database.

  • Reality is almost always different:

conventional programs interacting with SQL.

(我们只是看见了SQL是如何在常规的查询接口中的使用,也就是直接通过终端 对数据库进行交互,但实际上通常是常规程序与SQL语言的交互)

Options

  • Code in a specialized language is stored in the database itself (e.g.PSM, PL/SQL).
  • SQL statements are embedded in a host language (e.g., C).
  • Connection tools are used to allow a conventional language to access a database (e.g., CLI, JDBC, PHP/DB).

(常规程序与SQL语言的交互模式: 数据库储存代码、SQL内嵌、连接工具)

Stored Procedures

  • PSM, or “persistent stored modules, ” allows us to store procedures as database schema elements.(持久储存模块允许我们将储存模式作为数据库模式元素)

  • PSM = a mixture of conventional statements (if, while, etc.) and SQL.

  • Lets us do things we cannot do in SQL alone.

数据库中的储存过程和函数的区别在于,函数可以直接通过函数名的引用得到函数值,但是储存过程不行

Advantages of Stored Procedures

  • Share Application Logic(共享应用逻辑)
  • Shield Database Schema Details(屏蔽数据库细节)
  • Provide Security Mechanisms(提供安全机制 )
  • Improve Performance(提升性能)
  • Reduce Network Traffic(减少网络流量)

Parameters in PSM

Unlike the usual name-type pairs in languages like C, PSM uses mode- name-type triples, where the mode can be:

  • IN = procedure uses value, does not change value.(传入参数,只能调用不能修改)

  • OUT = procedure changes, does not use.(传出参数,可以在储存过程被修改)

  • INOUT = both

想得到储存过程的返回值,虽然不能直接通过调用储存过程名字,但是可以调用OUT参数

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